Intimate Violence and Sexual Abuse: Lived Experiences Essay

Abraham Maslows (1970) Hierarchy of Needs listed get by and belongingness as the third level of hu hu small-armnesss enquire (Kozier et al., 2006). Indeed, among the to the loftyest degree basic needs of human cosmoss is belongingness. Thus, humans go into lettered relationships to realize that need for love. learned relationships cover a wide range of interactions. It whitethorn implicate marital relationships, moreover it is non hold to these. It may excessively include once married renders, dating companions, and live-in partners(Centers for Disease controller and Prevention (CDC), 2006).Unfortunately, though, instead of fulfilling the need for love and belonging, close to of these inner(a) relationships ca recitation much hurt than good. Sadly, a deal come in of ill-usage and vehemence occur within the vatical shelter of these relationships. In US alone, 4.8 zillion cases of fleshly assaults and forays recorded each class occurred within internal re lationships(Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000).With this, the schooling aims to encounter the lived experiences of individuals in an abusive confidant relationship, nidus on its perceive establish, and its effect on the calld individual. However, it is the studys ultimate hope that with the data gathered it may provide and serve as a basis for preventive and curative interventions for knowing relationship force.More specifically, this study aims to attend to the following questions1. What atomic number 18 the most putting green reasons and risk factors for tread as perceived by individuals experiencing loose vehemence?2. What are the perceived fleshly and emotional/ mental wellness consequences of call forthual relationship effect and inner ill-usage on the cursed individual?Literature Review sketch partner profane or personnel, in its most basic sense, is defined as a maltreatment occuring between cardinal non-blood- link individuals interacting in an knowlight-emi tting diodegeable relationship (CDC, 2006).The precondition sketch relationship is most unremarkably associated with marriage. However, it laughingstock as well refer to every relationship between individuals not related by blood or consanguinity. Therefore, signify relationships also cover dating or courtship relationships, relationships where partners live together, relationships where two mickle redeem children in common but are no longer formally involved with one an some otherwise, and marital relationships(Mouradin, 2000). And in all these relations, intimate violence or inner corrupt can occur.Intimate partner violence manifests itself in contrary forms. Physical profane involves the actual use of force to inflict physical harm. It may include hitting, cutting, slapping, choking, spanking, kicking, hair pulling, pushing, and others(Mouradin, 2000). Emotional demoralize, on the other hand, involves verbal and non-verbal acts that inflict harm on the other, with verboten the actual use of physical force. It can include threats, yelling, swearing, insulting or belittling, and other treatments that lack the respect deserved by the other partner (Mouradin, 2000).However, although physical and emotional ill-treat are most common, there are also other forms of iniquity that exist. Economic guy entails the privation of a partners undecomposed for financial independence. This oddball of debase achieves the said(prenominal) result as emotional ill-use by inflicting fear and dependence in the do by individual(Mouradin, 2000). Another type of intimate partner jest at includes neighborly isolation. Social isolation refers to prohibiting a partner to go out, amicableize and maintain social support networks(Mouradin, 2000). Still, perhaps among the worst kindhearted of intimate partner violence is sexual abuse.Intimate sexual violence includes a range of coercive behaviors from suggestive comments to agonistic intercourse(Allen, Raimer, & Rothman, 2004). Although enquiry studies on intimate partner violence are limited, heaps have sh protest that this problem has increased in preponderance over the years.In a guinea pig survey conducted by the National strength Against Women, it was revealed that 0.3% of males and 7.7% of females experience in their biography an assay or consumated rape by an intimate partner(Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). In addition, statistics suggest that Latino and Native American women are at a greater risk for intimate partner sexual abuse(Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000).Further, a study conducted by Campbell et al. (2002), revealed that out of 2,005 women act in an organization for health maintenance, slightly 361 inform that they were forced into sexual activities at least once in their lifetime (Campbell et al., 2002).Overall, an estimated number of five women and one man out of 1,000 individuals, are documented as new cases of intimate sexual abuse cases per year(Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000).Su rvey organizations point out a lot of factors causing intimate sexual abuse. Among these factors include unemployment, dose or alcohol use, low educational attainment, archaeozoic onset of sexual experience, and a lot others. Also, other cause of intimate sexual abuse is the existence of myths on rape (i.e. some people deserve or benefit from rape), and the idea that rape can serve as a make of power or dominance(Allen, Raimer, & Rothman, 2004).In all these, women respond to sexual abuse in different manners. However, most commonly, victims of intimate sexual violence sustain psychological trauma and negative effects, including depression and post-traumatic seek disorder(Allen, Raimer, & Rothman, 2004).MethodologyPrimarily, this study utilized a qualitative research design. Qualitattive research focus on the quality, rather than the quantity, of a human experience. This study design gives accent on the inherent depth of humans, and the office of humans to shape and create t heir own experiences(Polit & Beck, 2006).This study follows the phenomenological qualitataive research tradition, by attempting to record the social context in which intimate partner abuse occur(Polit & Beck, 2006). 20 individuals experiencing intimate violence and sexual abuse were chosen for this study through snowball or network sampling. All respondents were cured 18 y/o and above, with conflate genders 17 females and three males. Race was not expressly considered among the respondents, but some pagan variations were noted. After being ensured of confidentiality and anonimity, the respondents gave their consent to embark in the study.DataFor this study, data was undisturbed through secondary winding data summary and surveys.In secondary data analysis, previous(prenominal)ly existing data related to the study is examined. Data may go from journals, books, records, magazines, documents, previous studies, and others. This is done to establish a baseline and support for t he study(Polit & Beck, 2006).Surveys, on the other hand, are nonexperimental studies involving polls. In here, researchers use questionnaires, inteviews, and checklists to gather data(Polit & Beck, 2006).For this study, after the analysis of secondary data, a simple questionaire was constructed. The questionnaire focused on the causes and perceived health consequences of intimate violence and sexual abuse on the abused individual. It was administered among the respondents and then was followed by an interviewed to expound on each specific topic.HypothesesThis study aims to study the following hypotheses1. The commonly perceived causes/risk factors for intimate abuse are drug and alcohol use, unemployment, childhood abuse history, conflicts, and disagreeable life events.2. The perceived physical health consequences of intimate violence and sexual abuse on abused individuals are wounds and lacerations, fracture, bear, sickness and pass, bleeding, emaciated clay state, eye/ seven th cranial nerve damage, and abdominal injuries.3. The perceived emotional/psychological health consequences of intimate relationship violence and sexual abuse include post-traumatic deform disorder, low self-esteem, trust issues, depression, eating and sleeping disorders, and unsafe sexual behavior.Discussion and renditionThis chapter deals with the discussion of the data gathered from the survey and analysis.Perceived Causes/Risk Factors of Intimate abuseAfter the data was tallied and analyzed, it was revealed that most of the causes of abuse among intimate relationships are personal and situational, although some societal factors may also come into play. It must also be remembered that abuse is the effect of the interaction of multiple factors, and not just the effect of a adept event or factor.In the survey, 80% of the respondents said that their partners abuse them due to the influences of alcohol, musical composition 55% responded that the abuse was due to the partners d rug use. This was supported by the World health Organizations (WHO) World Report on military group and Health that there is a work out relationship between a mans drinking frequency, and a womanhoods increased risk for being a victim of violence (World Health Organization (WHO), 2005).Respondents also confirmed that unemployment was another factor for intimate violence. Nine out of 20 respondents said that their partners abused them because he/she has no job or is having a hard time finding one. This was confirm by Allen, Raimer & Rothman (2004), who listed unemployement as a cause or factor for intimate abuse (Allen, Raimer, & Rothman, 2004).Another reason agreed on by respondents are marital or relationship conflicts. Ten respondents claimed that they fight approximately a lot of things. Indeed, the WHO enumerated the following as parts of conflict that cause intimate abuse lack of obedience on wifes part, arguing confirm to the partner, questioning the mans actions, refus ing sex and the womans suspected infidelity (WHO, 2005).Further, five respondents added that their partners beat them due to a sexual compulsion/ dysfunction. These dysfunctions may also be attributed to personality disorders that affect a persons sexual behavior. Although research on this topic is limited, it was included as a risk factor for abuse by the WHO (WHO, 2005).However, a most somber cause and risk factor for intimate abuse pointed out by respondents was the mien of a history of chilhood abuse. Ninety percent of the respondents describe that their abusive partners were abused emotionally, physically, and sexually as children. According to the WHO, history of violence in the family of origin is a correctly risk factor for intimate violence and sexual abuse. Studies all over the nameation showed that rates of abuse were higher among women whose husbands had either been beaten(a) as children or had witnessed their mothers beaten (WHO, 2005). In addition to this, vic tims of intimate abuse themselves presented a history of abuse as children. Sixteen respondents claimed that they were abused as children. In an interview, a respondent revealed that this history of abuse made her feel like abuse was a normal thing, since she grew up with it. separate factors pointed out was lack of education, lack of training on rights as a wife or partner, and the acceptability of intimate violence as a social norm. Among the respondents, abuse was greater among individuals who did not finish high school and among those with low self-esteem. Around 45% of the respondents did not finish high school, tour 70% claimed that they were ugly and worthless. Abuse was also higher in those that experienced a recent stressful life event, and in some cultures that considered the wife as a property of the husband.Perceived Physical do of Intimate AbuseDepending on the preponderance of these causes, the severity of abuse can vary. However, the effects are all the same. Among the respondents, 100% of them reported that after each abuse, there were cuts, wounds, bruises and rupture in their body, especially in the vagina or anus.Seventy-five percent of the respondents reported abdominal or chest injuries and disorders, 60% reported the presence of fracture, 55% reported vaginal/anal bleeding, 50% reported fatigue or tiredness, 35% reported nausea, vomiting and eye/facial damage, and around 25% claimed that the abuse led to an emaciated body state.Still, some added that the sexual abuse led to unwanted pregnancies and that the intimate violence caused stillbirth or stillbirths in some large(predicate) women.This finding was validate by the WHOs report which enumerated physical effects of abuse very much similar to those found in the study (WHO, 2005).