Organizations and People for International Journal of Management

Question: Discuss the concept of a leader. Is a leader born or made? Reflect in your discussion not only on B628 course material particularly chapter 7 but also on the article in hand. Reflect in your discussion on how the author sees the leader from both theoretical and personal experience. Answer: Leaders are people given the authority and power to be in charge of either an organization, company or any institution. Leaders are either appointed by people or elected. However, people cannot really tell why they entrust some of them to be leaders. However, the leaders themselves know that they are leaders and have the ability and skills required by a leader (Griffin Moorhead, 2011, NP). In todays world, leadership has become a challenge since there are two types of leaders. Leaders who are born with leadership skills appear to be aggressive, time conscious, and understanding when it comes to leading. However, leaders who acquired leadership skills through learning seem to have a problem which cannot be easily solved. These types of leaders are most likely to lead for a particular period of time, and then leave or get demoted as a result of failure to meet the set goals or target. True leaders must have interest in leadership, and must be having the urge to lead, even in charitabl e activities such as church services. These leaders feel that they have a responsibility to carry out in this world, which is leading the people towards the right directions. Leaders born with skills know how to deal with mistakes, and therefore do not require a lot of effort to solve issues in organizations or institutions. Leaders who get leadership skills through learning are also better leaders, compared to those who stay behind when leaders are being called out. There is no way someone can prove to be a true leader, other than showing up all the time when leaders are called out. True leaders are confident, punctual and willing to be recognized whenever possible. This does not require the genius part of leadership, but instead calls out for the inner feeling, which makes up a human being (Carleton, 2011, PG 459). To differentiate a worker and a leader, one has to identify some characteristics which will show that there is a worker and a leader at their presence. In a context where there are no segregated places for leaders, it is usually difficult tom differentiate between the leaders and the rest of the people. However, there are other potential leaders in the congregation who can be able to differentiate the two groups. Such people with such kinds of talents are also leaders, and have birth leaders hip skills in them. They can therefore lead without being instructed, but through observation, interaction and practice. However, we are not saying that those in leadership classes are trying to reach an unknown destination. We are only trying to say that they are leaders by acquired leadership skills. In the world, we have leaders who have made it to the top, by acquiring skills (Pak, Paroubek, 2010, NP). However, they have become leaders after struggling for a long period of time. These include the Amazon founder; amongst others who have created interest in the field of leadership, and have lead the world in the field of invention. Leading does not only mean that one has to be the head of a certain organization which has visible people. Today, everything depends on technology, and everybody has shifted from manual work to digital and online jobs. The author says that leaders are born, and others acquire skills. On my side, leaders can either be born or can acquire skills to become leaders. Acquiring skills is a type of leadership that has been taking place in many organizations (Den Ouden, 2011 NP). This has contributed much in the leadership studies, since leaders are made. The largest percentage of leaders in the world is that of leaders who are made, compared to leaders who are born. Though I agree with the statement that leaders are born, to some extent, I will part with the other statement that leaders are made. For instance, when children are born, they cannot be called leaders. They have to learn from the surrounding where they acquire knowledge. These children learn through observation, and curiosity. All leaders pass through this process (Drucker, 2016, NP). Not only leaders do pass through this stage, but also everybody in this world passed through that stage. Potential leaders then start to be seen right away after being enrolled in school. Potential leaders show their leading skills at the school-going age. At this point, we keep age constant, and consider skills, abilities and behaviors of potential leaders. For instance teachers can just appoint someone to become a leader without consulting (Holbeche. Mayo, 2009 NP). After enquiring the willingness of the student, the student would agree without hesitating. This student can be said to have leadership qualities, and skills, and therefore born to be a leader. Therefore, leaders who are born have confidence, tolerance, and are always willing to lead whenever another leader is absent. They do not wait for events to be late, but stand to fill the gap whenever possible. Leaders by birth are good problem solvers, and do not face challenges when it comes to solving problems. They solve problems in their own way, and make sure that they come up with a genuine resolution that will not part in either side. However, according to the author recommends that leaders are 80% made, and 20% born. However, leaders who are born still acquire skills through learning, observing and experience (Scott Davis, 2015 NP). The author is correct since all leaders who have the courage to lead are leaders, and have the potential to influence other potential leaders into leadership. However, there will always be a difference when it comes to leaers who are made and leaders who are born. They will never match. Considering the number of people who are influenced to be potential leaders by leaders by birth, they are too many and therefore have the largest percentage compared to those influenced by leaders who are made. Leaders who are made will always be many compared to leaders who are born. This is because; acquiring the skill is the reason as to why most aspiring leaders go to school. Therefore, as much as leaders who are born are effective, there is no way that they will dominate the world. Though they will be recognized, they will also have to get to school to have the necessary documents, which will prove their leadership qualities. Being a leader is an on-going struggle and debate. Discuss, based on your course material, how leadership s******s can be developed. Reflect on the article in this regard. Support your answer with evidence from external reference (1000 words). Leadership skills can be developed through various ways. Even those leaders who are born with the leadership skills must develop them through education, and observation. They have to practice the skills in their lives to ensure that they are on the right track (Van Tiem, Moseley, Dessinger, 2012 NP). Therefore, these are the various ways of developing leadership skills Through observation Leaders have to be observant their young age, so as to see what leaders do. They must ask questions, and be curious on whatever leaders do. We have different types of leaders, according to the institutions they lead. A teacher can be classified in the category of a leader, but in the context where there are only students and teachers. They are role models, and therefore can be emulated by the students. In our homes, we also have leaders. Our parents are leaders since we learn from them. At any age, we consider our elders to be leaders since we emulate them. However, in as much leadership is concerned, there must be a gap between the leaders and the people they lead. The leaders tend to have an extra knowledge, courage and determination in handling and solving issues, compared to the rest of the people. However, we are not saying that other people do not have these skills. They have them but this is not their talent, or field of interest (Spears, 2010 PG 28). They have to leave it for the leaders to handle issues, since they do not have the time to handle the issues. In addition, they find it interesting when the leaders themselves handle the issues at hand since they do so with some extra knowledge that portrays understanding and skill. To some extent, everybody can be a leader. Though people fear to face the challenges faced by leaders, every field has its own challenges. Leaders therefore become leaders because they choose to bear the burdens of the people, and to be their voice. For instance, leaders do not force the people to put them into position. Instead, the people force the leaders to occupy the leadership posts, so as to represent them whenever possible (Heaphy Dutton, 2008 PG 150). In a context where there is an election to elect a leader, all leaders are given the chance to convince the people that they can make it. It is therefore the choice of the people to choose who they want, according to the way they convince them. When it comes to these type s of context, and convincing, it is usually difficult to make a choice on who to choose and who not to. Leaders with acquired leadership skills can have better convincing power, compared to leaders who are born with the skill. They might overtake, and most of the time in such elections, since they have been taught how to lead. However, the case of leaders who are born is different. These leaders are differentiated from the other leaders when they secure places in organization. They are however rare, but when they appear at some point, they work to perfection and the institution, organization or company feels proud (Diefenbach, 2009 PG 900) .everybody should be conscious enough to know that not all leaders can qualify to be genius, but all genius leaders can qualify to be leaders who are made. This can easily be elaborated, since a leader is a leader, provided that they have all the required skills, and the courage to face people, congregation and tough situations. True leaders do not run away from situations, but instead face the situations with courage. They act as role models and always do their job to perfection, so as to maintain their names (Olshansky, Hopkins, Chandrasekhar Iuchi, 2009, PG 24). They are friendly to people, and do not underrate or ignore any issue brought at hand by the people. They are the greatest problem solvers, and aim at uniting the people, and not dispersing them. However, here is where the difference between leaders who are born and leaders who are made comes in In a situation where leaders are required to lead organizations, leaders of both kinds are usually involved (Lofland, 2017 NP). For instance, leaders who are born are capable of leading organizations for long period of time, compared to leaders who are made. However, leaders who are made will be many in organizations compared to leaders who are born. In another context, when leaders are asked to solve issues, especially tough issues, leaders who are born are most likely to give better resolutions compared to leaders who are made. Although all are leaders, their differences cannot be hidden since those are born have the leadership skill in them not on paper (Bolman, Deal, 2017 NP). They do not have to refer to books when it comes to handling of tough situations. They always have something to say in public even when not alerted. They are always willing to occupy a gap if when not requested. Leaders who are born know that they are leaders and therefore aware of their responsibilities. Generally, leaders are there so that operations can run smoothly. Though the differences between the two cannot be hidden, it remains that true leaders will always be known by their actions, and not word of mouth. Those who stand with the people in times of happiness and difficulties by supporting them are the leaders. Those who solve problems and give fair judgment are the leaders. Leaders are always, understanding, loving, caring, time conscious, and willing to take risks. Therefore, either by birth or by acquiring skills, it depends on the decision of a leader on how to lead the people. References Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017. Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Carleton, K., 2011. How to motivate and retain knowledge workers in organizations: A review of the literature. International Journal of Management, 28(2), p.459. Den Ouden, E., 2011. Innovation design: Creating value for people, organizations and society. Springer Science Business Media. Diefenbach, T., 2009. New public management in public sector organizations: the dark sides of managerialistic enlightenment. Public administration, 87(4), pp.892-909. Drucker, P., 2016. The effective executive. Routledge. Griffin, R.W. and Moorhead, G., 2011. Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning. Heaphy, E.D. and Dutton, J.E., 2008. Positive social interactions and the human body at work: Linking organizations and physiology. Academy of Management Review, 33(1), pp.137-162. Holbeche, L. and Mayo, A., 2009. Motivating people in lean organizations. Taylor Francis. Lofland, J., 2017. Social movement organizations: Guide to research on insurgent realities. Routledge. Olshansky, R.B., Hopkins, L.D., Chandrasekhar, D. and Iuchi, K., 2009, June. Disaster recovery: Explaining relationships among actions, decisions, plans, organizations, and people. In Proceedings of 2009 NSF Engineering Research and Innovation Conference (pp. 22-25). Pak, A. and Paroubek, P., 2010, May. Twitter as a corpus for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In LREc (Vol. 10, No. 2010). Scott, W.R. and Davis, G.F., 2015. Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Spears, L.C., 2010. Character and servant leadership: Ten characteristics of effective, caring leaders. The Journal of Virtues Leadership, 1(1), pp.25-30. Van Tiem, D., Moseley, J.L. and Dessinger, J.C., 2012. Fundamentals of performance improvement: Optimizing results through people, process, and organizations. John Wiley Sons.

Summary of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lett Essay Example For Students

Summary of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lett Essay erSummary of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet LetterThe story takes place in the Puritan village of Boston, Massachusetts, during the first half of the 17th Century. Several years before the novel begins, Hester Prynne came to the New World to await the arrival of her husband who had business to conclude in Europe. However, Hesters husband was captured by Indians upon his arrival in New England and did not arrive in Boston as Hester expected. While living alone in Boston and believing her husband dead, Hester committed adultery and became pregnant. The village magistrates imprisoned her for this sin and decreed she must wear a scarlet A on the bodice of her dress for the rest of her life. While in prison, Hester, highly skilled in needlework, elaborately embroidered the scarlet letter with gold thread. Before her release from prison, Hester was forced to stand on the public scaffold where all the villagers could see her. We will write a custom essay on Summary of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Lett specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As the story opens, Hester is leaving the prison to take her position on the scaffold. She wears the scarlet letter and carries with dignity her three-month-old daughter Pearl. As Hester endures this public disgrace, Roger Chillingworth, an old man new to the village, asks members of the crowd about her and learns as much of her story as is commonly known. When he asks the identity of the childs father, he discovers Hester has refused to divulge this information. From the balcony overlooking the scaffold, the young Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale also asks for this information and eloquently appeals to Hester to publicly name her partner in sin. She refuses. Upon her return to prison, Hester is distraught, and Roger Chillingworth, a self-proclaimed physician, comes to calm her and the babe. Chillingworth, who is actually Hesters husband, refuses to publicly acknowledge her and share in her shame. He makes Hester promise to keep his true identity secret and vows to discover and avenge himself on the man who has wronged him. Hester and Pearl take up residence in a small cottage at the edge of the village. Using her needlework skills, Hester supports herself and Pearl by sewing for the magistrates and wealthy villagers. She also sews for the poor as an act of charity. Although they live humbly, Hesters one extravagance is the way she dresses Pearl. Hester fashions scarlet, elaborately embroidered dresses for Pearl. The townspeople generally shun Hester and her daughter. Three years pass, and Hester learns the magistrates are considering taking Pearl away from her. Hester passionately implores Governor Bellingham to allow her to keep Pearl, who is her sole joy as well as a constant reminder of her sin. The Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale speaks in behalf of Hester, and Pearl is allowed to remain with her mother. As Hester and Pearl leave the Governors Mansion, Mistress Hibbins, the Governors sister, invites Hester to meet the Black Man in the forest. Hester happily declines the offer because she must take care of Pearl. The story now turns to Roger Chillingworth. Following his secret interview with Hester in prison, Chillingworth becomes a respected member of the community and personal medical advisor to Arthur Dimmesdale, whose health is failing. Chillingworth uses his medical knowledge to treat the ministers physical condition, but suspects some wound or trouble in Dimmesdales soul is contributing to his declining health. Intent on discovering the truth about Arthur Dimmesdale, Chillingworth one day comes upon the minister in his sleep, pushes aside his shirt, and reads the secret of the ministers heartthe Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is Hester Prynnes partner in adultery and the father of little Pearl. .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 , .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .postImageUrl , .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 , .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34:hover , .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34:visited , .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34:active { border:0!important; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34:active , .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34 .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3c242ada510ecaefce73596fa516d34:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Population and natural disasters Essay Chillingworth acknowledges Dimmesdale as his enemy and thus makes him the unsuspecting victim of his malevolent revenge. Although Dimmesdale lacks the courage to confess his sin publicly and risk ruining his reputation as a man of God, he suffers privately. In addition to his constant mental torment, he punishes himself physically with a bloody scourge, fasts to the point of weakness, and keeps nightly vigils. On one of these vigil nights, seven years after Hester stood in solitary shame upon the scaffold, Dimmesdale, thinking the rest of the town is asleep, stands on that same scaffold. However,

Sample Bio Test Essay - Getting Help For Your GRE Paper

Sample Bio Test Essay - Getting Help For Your GRE PaperIf you've been researching the APA The Edition of the GRE test, you may have noticed that you're not getting a lot of help from the publishers or anyone else. Many guides and books on this subject have been written by people who are not familiar with what the term 'Application' means and can be very misleading, so it's worth your time to get some help from the publishers and to find a reliable guidebook that covers all the steps involved in preparing for the exam.There is one great resource that gives a sample biography essay sample that covers all the relevant points and will help you understand exactly what's needed to prepare for the GRE in the Th Edition. We are using this resource in our GRE guides because it is free, and you can download it right now and have it on your computer by the time you read this article.The first step you need to take in order to successfully prepare for the GRE in the The Edition is to select a pr actice test and get some practice answers. The reason we recommend a practice test is that it allows you to focus on just the passage that you need to study on. To make sure that you're really studying what you need to, you can even download the test software from their website.After you've received your practice test, it's time to decide how you'll use the test. There are a number of different options available, and if you're taking the test in person, the local library or college is often the best place to find out what's on offer.If you're taking the test online, you need to make sure that you've picked a good test company that offers a range of tests that will give you a chance to practice on several different types of tests. The most important thing is that you do this as soon as possible so that you're able to concentrate fully on the one test that you need to prepare for.Since the The Edition is going to be the hardest test that you're ever going to take, you want to make sur e that you are prepared. A good guidebook will help you get the best GRE test prep guide so that you'll be able to study efficiently and confidently.You'll also find that there are many websites offering to help you with your application. These will often offer valuable resources that you don't normally get from other websites and will be able to help you in terms of choosing your test preparation and reading material.

Buddhism Essays - Nondualism, Nstika, Buddhism, Gautama Buddha

Buddhism Essays - Nondualism, Nstika, Buddhism, Gautama Buddha Buddhism Buddhism is one of the major religions of the world it was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, who lived in northern India from c.560 to c.480 BC. The time of the Buddha was a time of social and religious change, the development of trade and cities, the breakdown of old tribal traditions, and the rise of many new religious movements that answered the demands of the times. These movements came from the Brahmanic tradition of Hinduism but were also reactions against it. Of the new sects, Buddhism was the most successful and eventually spread throughout India and most of Asia. Today Buddhism is divided into two main branches. The Theravada, or "Way of the Elders," the more conservative of the two, it is mainly found in Sri Lanka, Burma, and Thailand. The Mahayana, or "Great Vehicle," is more liberal, it is found mainly in Taiwan, Korea, and Japan, and among Tibetan peoples, where it is known by its emphasis on the Buddhist Tantras. In recent times, both branches, as well as Tibetan Buddhism, have gained followers in the West. It is almost impossible to tell the size of the Buddhist population today. Statistics are difficult to obtain because some individuals may have Buddhist beliefs and engage in Buddhist rites while maintaining folk or other religions; these people may or may not call themselves Buddhists. Nevertheless, the number of Buddhists worldwide is estimated at more than 300 million. The matter of what Buddha's original teachings were cause of major controversy. Even so, it is said to have centered on certain basic doctrines. The first of the Four Noble Truths, the Buddha held, is suffering. By this, he meant not only that human existence is occasionally painful but that all beingshumans, animals, ghosts, hell-beings, even the godsare caught up in samsara, a cycle of rebirth, a maze of suffering in which their actions keep them wandering. Samsara and karma are not doctrines specific to Buddhism. The Buddha, however, specified that samsara is characterized by three marks: suffering, impermanence and no self. Individuals not only suffer in a constantly changing world, but what appears to be the "self," the "soul," has no independent reality apart from its many separable elements. The second Noble Truth is that suffering itself has a cause. At the simplest level, this may be said to be desire; but the theory was fully worked out in the complex doctrine of "dependent origination," which explains the interrelationship of all reality in terms of an unbroken chain of causation. The third Noble Truth is that this chain can be brokenthat suffering can cease. The Buddhists called this end of suffering nirvana and thought of it as a rebirth, an escape from samsara. Finally, the fourth Noble Truth is that a way exists through which this reversal can be brought about, the practice of the noble Eightfold Path. This combines ethical and disciplinary practices and training in concentration and meditation with initial faith, which is finally transformed into wisdom. With the death of the Buddha, his followers immediately faced a crisis, what were they to do in the with their master gone? The followers who had remained householders proceeded to honor his bodily relics, which were monuments called stupas. This was the beginning of a cult of devotion to the person of the Buddha that was to focus not only on stupas but also on many holy sites, which became centers of pilgrimage, and eventually on Buddha images too. On the other hand, those Buddhists who had become monks and nuns took on the gathering and preservation of their departed master's teachings. According to tradition, a great council of 500 monks was held at Rajagriha, immediately after the Buddha's death, and all the Buddha's sermons and the rules of the discipline were remembered and recited. In the years that followed, the monks gradually unified their communal life. Like many other wandering mendicants of their time, they were always on the move, coming together only once a year for the three months of the monsoon. Gradually, these rain-retreats grew into more structured year-round settlements. As new communities developed, it was inevitable that some differences in their understanding of both the Buddha is teaching and of the rules of the order should arise. Within

Great Circlesâ€Definition and Examples in Geography

Great Circless in Geography A great circle is defined as any circle drawn on a globe (or another sphere) with a center that includes the center of the globe. Thus, a great circle divides the globe into two equal halves. Since they must follow the circumference of the Earth to divide it, great circles are about 40,000 kilometers (24,854 miles) in length along meridians. At the equator, though, a great circle is a little bit longer as the Earth is not a perfect sphere. In addition, great circles represent the shortest distance between two points anywhere on the Earths surface. Because of this, great circles have been important in navigation for hundreds of years but their presence was discovered by ancient mathematicians. Global Locations of Great Circles Great circles are easilye based on the lines of latitude and longitude. Each line of longitude, or meridian, is the same length and represents half of a great circle. This is because each meridian has a corresponding line on the opposite side of the Earth. When combined, they cut the globe into equal halves, representing a great circle. For example, the Prime Meridian at 0Â ° is half of a great circle. On the opposite side of the globe is the International Date Line at 180Â °. It too represents half of a great circle. When the two are combined, they create a full great circle which cuts the Earth into equal halves. The only line of latitude, or parallel, characterized as a great circle is the equator because it passes through the exact center of the Earth and divides it in half. Lines of latitude north and south of the equator are not great circles because their length decreases as they move toward the poles and they do not pass through Earths center. As such, these parallels are considered small circles. Navigating with Great Circles The most famous use of great circles in geography is for navigation because they represent the shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Due to the earths rotation, sailors and pilots using great circle routes must constantly adjust their route as the heading changes over long distances. The only places on Earth where the heading does not change is on the equator or when traveling due north or south. Because of these adjustments, great circle routes are broken up into shorter lines called Rhumb lines which show the constant compass direction needed for the route being traveled. The Rhumb lines also cross all meridians at the same angle, making them useful for breaking up great circles in navigation. Appearance on Maps To determine great circle routes for navigation or other knowledge, the gnomic map projection is often used. This is the projection of choice because on these maps the arc of a great circle is depicted as a straight line. These straight lines are then often plotted on a map with the Mercator projection for use in navigation because it follows true compass directions and is, therefore, useful in such a setting. It is important to note though that when long distance routes following great circles are drawn on Mercator maps, they look curved and longer than straight lines along the same routes. In reality, though, the longer looking, the curved line is actually shorter because it is on the great circle route. Common Uses of Great Circles Today Today, great circle routes are still used for long distance travel because they are the most efficient way to move across the globe. They are most commonly used by ships and aircraft where wind and water currents are not a significant factor though because currents like the jet stream are often more efficient for long distance travel than following the great circle. For example in the northern hemisphere, planes traveling west normally follow a great circle route that moves into the Arctic to avoid having to travel in the jet stream when going the opposite direction as its flow. When traveling east, however, it is more efficient for these planes to use the jet stream as opposed to the great circle route. Whatever their use, though, great circle routes have been an important part of navigation and geography for hundreds of years and knowledge of them is essential for long distance travel across the globe.

Network Systems and Technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Network Systems and Technology - Coursework Example Our IT strategy executes by defining the topology of the network. The topology will define the structure of the entire network along with preferred cable to be used. Secondly, hardware specification of all departmental workstations and will be carried out along with the cost . After defining the specification, we will address network devices along with switch and router deployment. Moreover, we will define all the associated servers that will play a vital role in synchronizing data with remote offices in this scenario. Furthermore, a proposed network diagram will be represented for each site i.e. site 1 and site 2. Sub netting will play a dominant role in breaking down global IP addresses into local IP addresses for each node on the network. For the WAN architecture, we will discuss the technologies, protocols and services that will be used for connecting these sites together. Moreover, for maintaining and monitoring the network, we will discuss network security features that will be implemented in this proposed network. The RADIUS access server will provide synchronization of data between both sites operating on a Virtual Private Network. In addition, Domain name Service will also be discussed. Introduction Organizations associated with health care needs to acquire up to date technological trends in delivering patient care at the optimal level. Medical information systems developed for supporting health care, facilitate organizations to align with best practices and quality and to make these health organizations successful in the market. However, acquiring and maintaining computer networks can be a difficult task along with its alignment with the goals and objectives of the organization. Moreover, along with the alignment with organizational objectives, involvement of all stakeholders in the implementation of a network is vital for understanding the purpose and benefits. Likewise, customization of network design is a requirement for supporting organizational g oals and objectives, which can be a complex task. 1Network Architecture 1.1Topology We will apply star topology, as the network design will follow a centralized server / client architecture. Star topology will provide centralized administration and configuration of all the nodes on the network. Moreover, star topology initiates low broadcasts on the network, consequently, consuming low bandwidth and at the same time making the network capacity on optimal levels. 1.2 Workstations The minimum hardware specification of the workstations that will be installed in the current scenario are: System Specification Processor Intel Dual Core E5400 2.7GHZ (2MB cache – 800MHZ FSB) Motherboard Intel DG41RQ (LGA775-SND+AGP+GIGA LAN-800MHZ FSB) Memory 1GB DDRII (800 Bus) Hard drive 320GB 3.5" SATA-II 7200RPM Optical drive DVD Drive 16 X Chassis Thermal HT Support 1.3 Network devices Network devices are the objects for any network. The network functionality relies on the network devices .The d ependability of the network

Strategic management Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Strategic management - Article Example Issues such as higher volume of patients catered through limited capacity in the emergency room as well as the lack of adapting new technologies have made it relatively difficult for the hospital to keep pace with the larger hospitals. Recruiting and retaining skilled physicians as well as nursing staff at relatively affordable cost was another operational issue faced by hospital. Due to the structural changes in the healthcare industry overall availability of the physicians declined due to reduction in their wages. It is also important to note that the increasing influence of the managed care organizations is also sited as one of the operational issues faced by EMC. The overall influence of the managed care therefore is forcing the hospitals to offer services at reduced costs. Strategic Options Available One of the key elements to be explored before EMC can make any strategic move is the understanding of the external environment of hospital. Over the period of time the changes which have taken place largely were regulated as well as driven by competition. A closer analysis of the competitive environment suggests that most of the players were non-profit organizations with focus on developing extensive network to gain the competitive edge in the market. The essential nature of the competition therefore may force EMC to look for the options which can allow it to exploit the established network of different direct as well as indirect players in the market influencing the overall outcome in the market. One of the most important strategic actions which EMC can take is to merge with any competing HMO in order to take advantage of the core competencies of other organization. Since most of the organizations are non-profit organizations therefore hospital can also achieve the required level of synergy with relative ease. Further, the utilization of the existing technology of the bigger player would enable it to overcome its traditional weakness of adapting to the new te chnology in slow manner. This would further allow the hospital to become better equipped to reduce the number of complains also. It is also important to note that the merger with any other HMO will also provide an opportunity to gain access to the larger base of medical and health care services providers such as physicians and nurses. This would therefore can allow broadening the overall scope of services offered under one roof. Another important strategic option which may be considered is to maintain the status quo and initiate a program of change. President Moeen however, would require drastic changes in the way hospital is managed. This would require taking a holistic view of the operational challenges faced by the hospital and than taken on a systematic strategic approach to utilize the core competencies of the hospital to gain the required momentum to achieve the growth. Recommendations In order to overcome the operational challenges as well as to make EMC a competitive force w ithin the area, President Moeen can take on the drastic changes to further rationalize the cost while at the same time maintaining the status quo. This would involve looking for new ways and methods to further rationalize the cost while at the same time ensuring that the hospital continues to expand. In order to achieve this, it would be better if the hospital look for more financing